ڽ ϰ, ڽ ϶ å. ڽ , ٷ ڽŸ λ ôϰ ִ. å ̷ ε ȭ , ȯ غϰ ־ ' ' .
ǻ翴, ġ, ۰ 繫 ' ' Ͽ Ӿ ڽ Ѱ ϴ. ֿ ⸦ Ѿ 繫 ǥ. ڴ ڽ ִٸ ū ̷ ̶ ڿ Ѵ. ڽ ϴ å̴.
1812 12 23, Ʋ صϿ 11 ° ¾. 14 б ΰ ǻ ιƮ ν ߽ ٰ 1829, б кο ߴ. 1832 Ŀ صϿ Ͽ ε Ƿ Ȱ , ȸ ϰ Ǹ鼭 ü Ŭ ũδŬ(Edinburgh Weekly Chronicle) ϱ ߴ. 1837 Ÿӽ(Leeds Times) ȸ 縦 ϱ ߰, ؿ Ÿӽ μ Ǿ.
ǻ縦 ΰ ġ ϱ ״ Ÿӽ Ҹ ϰ ǥ߰, 뵿ڵ ڵ ϱ ߴ. 1840 ȸ 繫 Ǿ ȸ 3 ӱ, ű, ǥ ǥ, ű, ̻ ڿ Ǽű 5 , ū ߴ. ǻ ġ, θƮ, , ۰ ״ 鿡 Ḧ ִ ǻ Ȱ ϸ鼭 , ȸε ռϰ Ȱ 25 Ѵ .
¾ ܼ ġ δ ȸ ϴ ٰ ߰, ' ' ߿伺 ϸ '(self help)' ߴ. 1859 Ⱓ ٸ, , ڱ ϴ å (Self-Help) Ǹ鼭 ̸ ȴ. Ŀ ' 4 '̶ Ҹ ΰݷ(Character), ˾(Thrift), ǹ(Duty) å Ⱓߴ.
2003 Ⱓ λ ְ 100 ̻ ȷ µ, å , ġ , ΰ , Ͻ ڱ о ְ ̷ ϳ մ Ģ Ұϰ ִ. ̿ܿ ״ Ƽ콼 ⡻, ڵ ֡ ڼ ι ⸦ .